Ninety percent of the 570 million farms globally are small-scale operations (defined in terms of low economic output rather than land holding size (which would describe a smallholder instead)) which together are responsible for a significant proportion of total agricultural production. Thus, understanding and incorporating the perspectives and knowledge of small-scale farmers in policies and practices is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture development.

Previous studies have shown conflicting results on whether or not Indigenous Peoples Lands (IPL) can halt deforestation. This study set out to test whether these differing results reflect variations in land tenure.

This report from the Centre for Food Policy at City University of London discusses the role middle-chain actors, particularly food manufacturers and retailers, play in influencing farmer and consumer behaviours and how this leads to negative environmental impacts. The findings presented in this report highlight the importance of policy approaches that promote mutual responsibility across the entire supply chain to achieve sustainable production and consumption.

This study examines the potential of a form of agroforestry wherein tree islands  - small areas where native trees are planted or allowed to regenerate naturally - are interspersed with oil-palm monocultures, in order to benefit biodiversity and ecological functioning.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive global assessment of where food and agricultural production conflicts with biodiversity conservation, and the products and countries that contribute the most to these trends. Spatial models of farming and conservation priority areas were used to estimate how the production and consumption of 48 agricultural commodities across 197 countries conflict with the conservation of 7,143 species.

This study set out to assess whether agroecology can effectively mitigate the effects of and promote adaptation to climate change without compromising food security.

Aquaculture, the culturing of aquatic organisms, was estimated to have a total global production of 122.6 million tonnes in 2020. This makes it crucial to achieving food security but it can have negative environmental impacts and lead to habitat degradation and destruction.

This article discusses how La Via Campesina (LVC) has transformed agrarian politics and anti-capitalist movements to promote an alternative future for the agrarian world. LVC is an international peasants' movement, founded in 1993, that as of 2023 has 182 member organisations in 81 countries and represents roughly 200 million peasants, small to medium-sized farmers, and landless rural labourers. Whilst LVC is primarily agrarian and anti-capitalist in its composition and politics, it also includes elements of food, environmental, and climate justice politics.

The number of people in the world that could theoretically be fed depends on how much food can be produced, as well as factors such as dietary composition (particularly the balance between crop and animal products) and what agricultural land is used for which purpose (cropping versus grazing). The potential for agricultural production is itself critically dependent on nitrogen availability. Nitrogen can be delivered in the form of mineral or organic fertiliser.  While nitrogen is an essential input into agricultural production, nitrogen pollution is a major problem, with the degree of pollution caused a function of the quantity of nitrogen produced as well as the efficiency of its uptake and use by crops ( these will be influenced by climatic and other biophysical factors) - the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE).