This paper aims to summarise the frameworks currently used to analyse food policymaking processes and to critically assess whether those frameworks can be applied to the analysis of ‘systems’ approaches to policymaking. It found while the use of such tools are limited there are significant benefits to understand the ideas, knowledge, power and decision-making that lead to food policy development.

This study finds over a third of all countries worldwide cannot meet self-sufficiency for more than two of seven food groups. Only one country can meet all seven groups, Guyana. Low self-sufficiency and overdependence on a few countries for imports threaten their capability to respond to global shocks, particularly for small states.

This report by the European Commission promotes behavioural insight, nudges that subtly shape the choice environment to encourage better decisions at little cost, for policy to address wicked problems like climate, inequality and health.