This report is part of the Lancet Countdown in Europe, which is an on-going effort to assess the health impacts of climate change in Europe to reinvigorate social and political will for urgent climate mitigation and adaptation actions. The initial report, in 2022, tracked 33 indicators across five domains. This report tracks 42 indicators related to the impacts of climate change to human health, the response of European countries and the opportunities to better health and climate action attuned to health issues. It finds that whilst scientific and the corporate sector are increasingly engaging with these issues, the media, the political sector and individuals have low levels of engagement with the interplay between health and climate change in Europe. The report notes that significant political and public support is needed to stimulate further action

Several media outlets have reported on the substantial environmental impacts caused by the on-going conflict in Gaza including water and soil contamination, the health issues associated with sewage management problems and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with Israel’s military action in Gaza. These environmental impacts have implications for the short-term food production potential in the region and for the long term food security of Palestinians in Gaza.