Food environments have substantial impacts on broader environmental sustainability. No comprehensive analysis of assessment tools that measure sustainability within education, health, recreation and retail. This scoping review aims to address this by identifying, analysing and summarising available tools, including outcomes measured and strengths/limitations of use.

This paper argues that food expenditure patterns of lower-income countries are not adopting diets of affluent countries contrary to the belief that globalisation, income-growth and cultural trends are causing a shift in diet. The researchers analyse food expenditure patterns, including ultra-processed foods, in 90 different countries.