New update to planetary boundaries work - Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
This updated version further develops the Planetary Boundaries concept, which was first published in 2009. In their original outline of the concept the authors identified nine key global processes and systems that regulate the stability and resilience of the Earth System – the interactions of land, ocean, atmosphere and life that together provide conditions upon which our societies depend. They argued that if these natural processes are disrupted beyond a certain ‘boundary’ point, the consequences could be irreversible and lead to abrupt environmental change, making life on earth very hard for humans.