Episode summary
In the 1980s, Deng Xiaoping's government decided not to regulate its fishing sector. What grew out of that space was extraordinary. Today China produces 76 million tonnes of seafood a year, and a mounting environmental cost. This episode follows the small farms and the global infrastructure that connects them, and asks what happens when a government tries to course correct a system it deliberately set loose.
About the guests
Han Han
Han Han is the founder and director of China Blue Sustainability Institute, the first NGO in China dedicated to sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. Before founding China Blue in 2016, she spent fifteen years working directly with China's seafood industry in fishing villages across the country, building the practical knowledge and relationships that now underpin the organization's work. China Blue operates as a translator and bridge-builder between small-scale fishers, government, scientists, and industry — working to close the gap between policy ambition and on-the-ground reality.
Xuefei Shi
Xuefei Shi is a fisheries and aquaculture researcher at the Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen, Norway, where his work focuses on trans-Indian Ocean seafood trade, Sinophone maritime worlds, and China's social and ecological footprint in East Africa. He has over ten years of experience in China and global governance, and has provided policy consultancy to projects funded by the World Bank, UNESCO, and WWF.
James Keeley
James Keeley is a researcher and consultant specialising in food and agricultural development in Africa, China as an international development actor, and UK-China engagement on shared global challenges. He has led major trilateral cooperation programmes between China and African governments, including AgriTT — an FCDO-funded initiative with partners in Malawi and Uganda — and previously served as China lead at the International Institute for Environment and Development. He writes regularly for Oxford Analytica on China policy and is co-author of Understanding Environmental Policy Processes: Cases from Africa (Earthscan).
Recommended resources
2025 China Fishery Products Report (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2025)
The fishing moratorium regime under the framework of global marine governance: insights from China (Wei Yuan and Xuejiao Pan, 2025)
Inventory of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from freshwater aquaculture in China (Liangliang Zhang et al., 2024)
China's aquaculture and the world's wild fisheries (European Parliament, 2012)
A review of the global use of fishmeal and fish oil and the Fish In:Fish Out metric (Patricia Majluf et al., 2024)
The Fishmeal Trap: How Industrial Aquaculture Drives Overfishing (Global Reporting Programme)
China-Africa Trade Data (SAIS China Africa Research Initiative, Johns Hopkins University)
Transforming Food and Agriculture Through a Systems Approach (FAO, 2025)
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