Episode summary
Today China produces roughly half the world's pork. Getting there required swine genetics from multiple continents, feed from Brazil, and a disease outbreak that wiped out hundreds of millions of animals. This episode asks how they did it, and what that cost - to the household pig, to the smallholder farmer, and to ecosystems thousands of kilometers away.
About the guests
Ron Lane
Ron Lane is a Canadian agricultural consultant who has spent 26 years working inside China's pig industry, advising on swine breeding and genetics, feed, equipment, and farm management.
Li Zhang
Li Zhang is an assistant professor at Amherst College whose work sits at the intersection of development sociology, environmental justice, and public health in rural China. Her book The Origins of COVID-19: China and Global Capitalism (Stanford University Press, 2021) traces how the entanglement of Chinese authoritarianism and global capitalism increases the risk of diseases spilling over from animals to humans. She has a forthcoming book tentatively titled: Defying Slow Death: Unsafe Food, Governance, and Quiet Social Movements in China.
Gustavo Oliveira
Gustavo Oliveira is an Assistant Professor of Geography at Clark University whose work sits at the intersection of political ecology, socio-environmental justice, and the geopolitics of natural resources. He has spent more than 15 years researching the Brazil-China relationship, with a particular focus on how Chinese investment in agribusiness and infrastructure is reshaping land use, deforestation, and rural livelihoods across the Cerrado and Amazon. His research connects the daily realities of farmers and ecosystems on the ground to the trading companies, state policies, and global capital flows that determine their fate.
Recommended resources
Includes pictures of high-rise hog farms
Looking upon the hog tower (Chinese Farm Chronicles, 2023)
China's bid to improve food production? Giant towers of pigs (Daisuke Wakabayashi and Claire Fu, 2023)
Directly referenced in the episode
Breakneck: China's Quest to Engineer the Future (Wang, 2025)
Animal Welfare in China (Peter J. Li, 2021)
China's Food Future (Systemiq, 2026)
Meat: the Four Futures (TABLE, 2022)
Incredibly helpful background
A History of Pigs in China: From Curious Omnivores to Industrial Pork (Brian Lander, Mindi Schneider and Katherine Brunson, 2020)
Feeding China's Pigs: Implications for the Environment, China's Smallholder Farmers and Food Security (Mindi Schneider, 2011)
IATP report: China's Pork Miracle: Agribusiness and Development in China's Pork Industry (Mindi Schneider, 2014)
Our World in Data — Meat Production (Ritchie et al., 2024)
Agrarian questions in Brazil and China (Gustavo Oliveria, 2024)
Bottom-up self-protection responses to China's food safety crisis (Li Zhang and Gubo Qi, 2018)
Understanding the roles of economy and society in the relative risks of zoonosis emergence from livestock (Stephen Hinchliffe et al., 2024)
Relevant TABLE podcast episodes
Feeding 1 in 6. Can you feed the people?
Meat: the Four Futures. Efficient Meat 2.0
Meat: the Four Futures: Health, Biodiversity, Ethics
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