This paper compares detailed nutritional properties of burgers made from a plant-based meat replacement (based on soy) and from grass-fed ground beef. It concludes that, although the macronutrient contents (e.g. protein, fat) of both options are similar enough that consumers reading nutrition labels may view them as nutritionally interchangeable, there are significant differences between the two in the levels of 171 out of 190 metabolites studied. 

This discussion paper from UN Nutrition examines the role that livestock can play in contributing to nutrition, particularly for young children and in low-income settings, and the impacts of livestock on the environment. It aims to go beyond blanket messages about livestock-derived food and instead provide a nuanced overview of how the role of livestock in sustainable healthy diets depends on local context and specific production methods. It concludes that some groups of people - such as those already eating high levels of livestock-derived foods - could improve both health and environmental impacts by reducing their consumption.

US-based startup BIOMILQ says it has produced the world’s first milk made from lab-cultured human mammary cells. The product, made by culturing human mammary cells in the laboratory, has a similar composition of “proteins, complex carbohydrates, fatty acids and other bioactive lipids” to breast milk. BIOMILQ stresses that its product is not identical to breastmilk, the composition of which can be influenced by hormones, baby behaviour, skin contact and so on. Furthermore, it does not contain the antibodies that breast milk does.

Prof Simon Bush, Chair of the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University, has written an opinion piece critically reflecting on the Netflix documentary Seaspiracy and its argument that we should stop eating fish to protect ocean ecosystems. Bush queries some of the factual claims of the film, including statements about whether fish stocks will collapse by 2048, the fraction of fish that is illegally caught and the presence of pollutants in fish. He argues that seafood is an essential source of nutrition for billions of people, including many of the poorest people.

This article by researchers from the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future argues that more emphasis should be placed on legumes - such as soybeans, peanuts, chickpeas, fava beans, lentils and other beans and peas - as a source of dietary protein, for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, and for their ability to increase soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation. It reviews trends in legume production and consumption and identifies challenges and limitations to increasing legume use worldwide.

This opinion piece in Responsible Investor, by Rachel Crossley and Katie Gordon (both advisors to the Access to Nutrition Initiative), argues that nutrition is becoming an increasingly important issue for investors. The authors point to the economic impacts of malnutrition, growing consumer demand for healthy foods, and regulation by governments such as sugar taxes and marketing restrictions.

The Global Nutrition Report has an interactive “Nutrition for Growth Commitment Tracker” where you can track progress made by a variety of stakeholders on their commitments towards ending malnutrition, made as part of the Nutrition for Growth summit. Stakeholders include national governments, donors, businesses, civil society organisations and the United Nations.

This paper reviews the effectiveness of government obesity policies in England for the period 1992 to 2020. It finds that these policies have tended to rely on the behaviour changes of individuals and avoid more interventionist approaches, that governments do not regularly assess the effectiveness of past obesity strategies, and that obesity has not become less prevalent despite 14 different obesity strategies being published over the period of study.

This paper uses data from 19 countries to test the link between climate and dietary diversity in children. It finds that higher temperatures are generally associated with lower diet diversity, while higher precipitation is generally associated with greater diet diversity.