This paper argues that food expenditure patterns of lower-income countries are not adopting diets of affluent countries contrary to the belief that globalisation, income-growth and cultural trends are causing a shift in diet. The researchers analyse food expenditure patterns, including ultra-processed foods, in 90 different countries. 

This review article focuses on the practical implications for livestock farmers and their pastures of a shift towards a plant-based diet in the UK. The authors argue that the majority of pastures are unsuitable for conversion to arable land because of their soil type, making them unreliable sites for plant-based protein production.

This paper adds to the literature on modelling agricultural land-use demand in 2050 given a growing global population, climate change-induced changes in yields, and projections for as-yet unrealised technological improvements. The main innovation of this study is to constrain the amount of dietary change that can be included in the model. Consequently, this model includes much more regional dietary variation than do other such projections, and much higher ASF consumption than many. The authors find that, contrary to previous studies, several regions cannot achieve food security without expanding agricultural land use. In particular, more pasture land is needed, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In a wider group of regions, producing sufficient food without increasing agricultural land use only appears possible if we assume an optimistic scenario for increasing yields

This report provides disclosure of conflicts of interest of the 20 members of the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee who determine the national Dietary Guidelines for America. The report found that almost half of the members had a medium to high risk of conflict of interest due to connections with industry actors.

The Sixth Edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR2023) is the newest collaboration between Nordic researchers, written over a period of four years and used to determine national dietary guidelines in Baltic and Nordic countries. The report has been ongoing since the 1980s, with the last published in 2012. This edition of the report is the first to take into account environmental factors and it demonstrates the synergies between a healthy diet and one that is low in environmental emissions.

This book gives an overview of current thinking on sustainable diets, including sections on environmental sustainability, health and wellbeing, education and public engagement, social policies and food environments, alternative food movements, economics and trade, measuring food sustainability, and case studies on food sovereignty around the world.

This article offers a global review of how different countries account for environmental sustainability within their food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs). It finds that of the 83 countries assessed, 37 mention environmental sustainability but few give detailed advice on how to adopt a sustainable diet. The paper counts how many countries mention each of 16 different guiding principles for sustainable healthy diets - for example, 23 countries mention reducing the consumption of animal-based foods. The paper mentions Denmark and Belgium as demonstrating “exemplary” discussion of sustainability in their FBDGs.

This paper assesses the extent to which national dietary recommendations for animal products could be met by livestock fed with low opportunity cost biomass (LOCB) such as food waste, grass and by-products. It finds that animal products fed with domestically available LOCB could provide between 22% (Netherlands) and 47% (Switzerland) of nationally recommended protein intakes.