Cost-benefit analysis looks to inform policy decisions by calculating all related costs and benefits associated with a given decision. For example, a government wanting to reduce meat consumption, could propose various policy options including banning meat advertising, taxing meat products, or subsidising the production of alternative protein. A cost-benefit analysis would estimate the costs and benefits of each option by using estimated economic values for any social and environmental benefits (like potential reductions in greenhouse gas emission and diet-related hospital admissions). The results of this cost-benefit analysis could then be used to inform policy. The process of cost-benefit analysis often involves discounting when estimating the benefits of a policy decision, because whilst costs are often upfront, any benefits tend to arise in the future. Cost-benefit analysis and discounting are both important approaches used in the creation of nature markets that place an economic value on the environment.